“社会关系总和”论实现的批判范式转换

马克思以“社会关系总和”批判费尔巴哈“类”本质，实现了批判范式的全面转换。批判出场方面，费尔巴哈以经验直观方法理解人及其相互关系；马克思将社会关系作为人的本质，实现了人学基础的转换。批判立场方面，费尔巴哈从市民社会出发，以爱为基础建立宗教的人本学；马克思指出资本主义社会的异化性质，“总和”的实现只能在未来共产主义社会。批判方法方面，马克思基于总体性考察，扬弃了费尔巴哈对人类社会研究的形而上学方法，将其唯物主义立场与辩证法有机融合起来，完成了运思方式的变革。批判指向方面，马克思指出费尔巴哈仅在思维领域革命的不足，主张现实地改变世界，为每个人自由全面发展奠基。

The Critical Paradigm Transformation of the Sum of Social Relations

Marx criticized Feuerbach’s generic nature with “the Sum of Social Relations” and realized a comprehensive transformation of the critical paradigm. In terms of critical foundation, Feuerbach considered people and their interrelationships in an intuitive and empirical way, while Marx regarded social relations as the essence of people. realizing the transformation of the humanistic foundation. In terms of critical stance, Feuerbach started from civil society and established humanism of religion based on love. Marx, however, pointed out that the capitalist society is alienated in nature and the realization of “summary” can only be achieved in communist society. In terms of critical methods, Marx sublated metaphysical method of human society based on a general survey, organically merged his materialist stance with dialectics, and completed the transformation of the way of thinking. In terms of critical direction, Marx pointed out that Feuerbach only had a revolution in the field of thinking, and advocated to change the world realistically, laying the foundation for the free and comprehensive development of people