粮农植物遗传资源视阈下的农民权客体论

粮农植物遗传资源不仅与人类活动息息相关，其高依存性特征又关系到国家甚至整个人类社会的安全与发展。ITPGR针对粮农植物遗传资源可持续发展提出的农民权客体范围应涵盖原生境中的粮农植物遗传资源及其遗传部分和衍生物，且遗传功能单位包涵DNA片段。粮农植物遗传资源中的遗传信息本质上为农民主客观相结合产物，同时其多态性特征与知识产品特点亦不相悖，故而农民权应为一项新型知识财产专有权。

The Farmers Rights Object from the Perspective of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

Food and agricultural plant genetic resources are closely related to human activities and its high dependence characteristics are also related to the security and development of the country and even the entire human society. The object scope of the farmer’s right proposed by ITPGR for the sustainable development of food and agricultural plant genetic resources should cover the food and agricultural plant genetic resources and their genetic parts as well as derivatives in the original habitat, and the genetic functional unit contains DNA fragments. The genetic information in food and agricultural plant genetic resources is essentially a combination of subjective and objective features of farmers and its polymorphic characteristics are not incompatible with intellectual property characteristics. Therefore, farmers’ right should be a new type of intellectual property exclusive right