义利观转换与公有制兴起的思想基础

在走向现代化过程中,通过义利观的转换来实现利益原则的合法化,是一个必经的过程。在中国传统经济思想中,义高于利是正统看法,不过仍然重视公利,认为其高于私利。于是,在晚清国家生存竞争过程中,追求国家富强这一公利成为中国思想界新的"义",从而经由"公利"的过渡,完成了义利观的转换,实现了利益原则的合法化。作为追求"公利"的手段,公有制也因此获得在中国兴起的心理支持。而公有制之所以被视为追求国富的手段,是因为它在此时受到了三种经济思潮的综合影响:国家掌握财富的传统经济思想、动员储蓄与实现快速工业化的现代经济学思想、消灭私有制以超越现代化弊病的社会主义思想。这三种思潮的合流,成为支持公有制兴起的思想基础。

The Shift of Benevolence and Benefit View and the Booming Public-owned System:Their Thought Basis

During the modernization process,it is a necessary path to realizing the legalization of benefit principle by the shift of benevolence and benefit.In traditional Chinese thoughts of economics,orthodox points of view suggested benevolence’s superiority to benefit and public interests’ priority to individual benefits.Consequently,in the competition of state survival for the later Qing Dynasty,chasing the public welfare of country prosperity became a new "benevolence" in Chinese ideological circles,and by means of the "public welfare" changes,the shift of benevolence and benefit was fulfilled to realize the legislation of interest principle.Public-owned system as the methods of pursuing "public welfare" acquired the psychological support for flourishing development in China.However,the system was treated as measures for country prosperity,and was influenced by three trends of economic thoughts: traditional economic thoughts that held country controlled economy,modern economics thoughts of holding up savings and rapid industrialization,and socialistic thoughts of eliminating private-owned system to overcome weaknesses brought about by modernization.The integration of the three thoughts came to be the ideological basis of public-owned system prosperity.