赶超行为、要素市场扭曲对中国就业的影响——来自微观企业的数据分析

文章使用2001～2007年微观企业数据分析中国地方政府经济赶超行为与要素市场扭曲对就业的影响,发现地方政府的赶超行为和要素市场扭曲共同导致资本密集型产业超常发展,并诱发有偏的技术进步,形成资本要素对劳动力要素的替代,最终造成经济快速增长而就业吸纳能力下降。检验结果显示,赶超行为和要素市场扭曲是抑制中国制造业企业就业量增加的重要原因之一,并对不同规模企业就业效应的影响存在差异。因此,作者认为,应纠正经济发展中的赶超行为、缓解要素市场扭曲,以逐步实现符合地区资源禀赋的技术进步,最终减少技术进步对就业的替代作用从而增加就业。

The Impacts of Catching-up Strategy and Factors Market Distortion on Chinese Employment:A Study Based on Chinese Enterprises-level Data

Using the data of micro-data of Chinese enterprises from 2001 to 2007,this paper analyzes the effects of local government’s catching-up strategy and factors market distortion(FMD) on employment.We find that such local government’s behaviors caused the abnormal growth of capital-intensive industry and biased technical progress,irrationally substituting capital for labor and eventually leading to an economic growth pattern with weaker ability of employment absorption.Meanwhile those effects are different among the firms with different size.Therefore,we believe that the local governments should correct their behaviors and alleviate distrotion of factors market to make technology progress gradually being in accordance with the local resource endowment.This will reduce substitution of technology progress for employment and eventually help employment growth.