论宪政制度对美国外交政策的影响与作用

美国宪政的基本原则是权力的分立制约与合作主政，表现在外交权力上就是宪法把处理外交事务和军事事务的权力交给总统和国会共同行使；但它只是把一些具体权力分别赋予了国会和总统，却未明确总统与国会的外交权力界限，更没有规定外交事务到底由谁来负责，这就为二者之问的权力斗争埋下了种子。美国宪政制度中的分权制衡和权力中心“漂浮不定”特点，虽对外交政策带来很大的掣肘作用，但却从制度上为实现国家利益的最大化提供了宪政保证。

The Influence and Effect of Constitutionalism Principles on the American Foreign Policies

The fundamental principles American constitutionalism of are condition and balance, which the exercising of any state authority embodies. On the deplomatic power, the constitution authorizes President and Congress the joint authority of handling the foreign and military affairs; but only concrete authority is authorized to President and Congress between which the boundary of foreign authority is not specified, and neither is who on earth should take charge of the foreign authority, which makes it a conflict for President and Congress to compete for the authority.