王阳明“大人”思想及四个陷阱

王阳明一生追求“大人”之学，“大人”就是以天地万物为一体之人，“大人”之学也是良知之学。“大人”无论在本体论、认识论还是道德论上都有其高明之处。有“大人”就有小人，孔孟的大小之辨是在道术分离的前提下提出的，相对宽容一些；阳明的大小之辨是在道一统前提下展开的，比较严格。阳明的大小之辨在严格的同时还有自我颠覆的倾向，这就使其保持着开放性。最后将揭示“大人”之学隐含的四个陷阱:没有良好制度保证的良知“大人”，将是空中楼阁；良知心学不是现代自由主义，不能带来现代的自由平等；对良知“大人”的不当追求可能导致道德绑架；大小之对立会人为地制造分裂和敌对。

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Wang Yangming pursued “Great Man” all his life. “Great Man” is a man who is with all universe. The study of “Great Man” is also the study of conscience. “Great Man” has his merits in ontology, epistemology and morality. We compare it with Confucius and Mencius in the distinction between saint and snob in Yangming. The distinction between “Great” and “Snob” of Confucius and Mencius is proposed on the premise of separation of “Tao” and “Shu”, so it is relatively tolerant. The distinction between “Great” and “Snob” of Yangming is proposed under the premise of unified “Tao”, relatively strict. However, the difference between “Great” and “Snob” of Yangming is strict and at the same time tends to be self-subversive, which makes it keep its openness. Finally, the four traps of “Great Man” are revealed: the conscience without the guarantee of good institutions will be a castle in the air, the learning of conscience without modern liberalism can nit bring liberty and equality, improper pursuit of conscience may lead to moral kidnapping, rivalry between “Great” and “Snob” can artificially create division and hostility