共享单车发展的多重困境与治理创新

共享单车带着重重问题悖论式向前发展，虽然不断调整运营方式，但是依然面临停放管理、维护修理、回收处理、清退资金、治理能力等困境，这些困境不仅制约着共享单车的发展，而且引起巨大的资源浪费和社会损失。研究认为，造成共享单车发展困境的根源在于共享单车赢利模式与微利属性、技术手段与管理目标、社会依赖与现实条件、公共服务性与市场化运营之间的深刻矛盾。只有立足租赁自行车行业属性，重造商业逻辑，加强技术创新和应用，打造共建共治共享的治理模式，共享单车才能摆脱或超越发展困境，才能成为城市交通体系中常态的交通工具，更好地解决城市“最后一公里”交通难题。

Multiple dilemma of bicycle-sharing and innovation of governance

The bicycle sharing service has been developing with multiple problems and paradoxes. Although the operation mode is constantly adjusted, it still faces the dilemma of parking management, maintenance and repair, recovery and disposal, liquidation of funds and governance ability. These difficulties not only restrict the development of bicycle sharing, but also cause huge waste of resources and social losses. This study believes that the root cause of the development dilemma lies in the profound conflict between the profit model of bicycle sharing and its low profit attribute, the technical means and management objectives, its social dependence and realistic conditions, its public serving nature and the marketized operation. Only by returning to the essence of bicycle rental industry or rebuilding the business logic, strengthening technological innovation and application, creating a governance model of co-construction, co-governance and sharing, can bicycle sharing get out of or transcend the predicament, develop into a normal means of transportation in the urban transportation system, and better solve the “last kilometer” traffic problem for the cities.