新中国对外贸易发展70年:历程、成就、贡献与经验

新中国对外贸易70年发展强大的过程，大致可分为新中国成立初期的曲折探索（1949～1977年）、改革开放不断扩大（1978～2011年）及深刻变革和创新发展（2012年至今）3个阶段。70年来，中国对外贸易的商品结构、贸易方式和进出口平衡在整体上不断完善优化，取得了巨大的成就，对国民经济及社会发展作出了贡献，也极大地推进了经济全球化的发展，有利于世界整体福利水平的提升。研究总结了中国对外贸易发展的成就与贡献，从实践和理论两方面分析了中国对外贸易发展经验:实践方面，中国坚持对外贸易管理体制变革的与时俱进，独立自主与积极参与国际交换相结合，后发优势与大国优势相结合，适度市场保护与不断扩大开放相结合；理论方面，在国际大循环与市场多元化、进口替代和出口导向兼用互补、“大经贸”战略、综合平衡及“引进来”与“走出去”相结合方面总结经验，丰富了对外贸易的发展思想。中国的对外贸易发展与世界经济增长是互利共赢的，坚定不移地推进改革开放，加快转变对外贸易结构、发展模式，完善国际价值链、供应链和产业链体系，是中国对外贸易由高速发展转向高质量发展的主要推动力。

70 years of foreign trade development in new China: history,achievement, contribution and experience

The growth process of new China’s foreign trade development in the past 70 years can be roughly divided into three stages: the laborious exploration in the early years of the founding of new China (1949-1977), the continuous expansion of reform and opening up (1978-2011), and the profound reform and innovative development (2012 till now). Over the past 70 years, China’s foreign trade commodity structure, trade mode and balance between imports and exports have been constantly improved and optimized. China’s foreign trade has not only made great achievements in itself, but also made considerable contributions to the national economy and social development. At the same time, it has significantly promoted the development of economic globalization, which is beneficial to the enhancement of the overall welfare of the world.This research has summarized China’ achievements and contributions in foreign trade development, and analyzed its foreign trade development experience both in practice and theory. In practice, China insists on keeping pace with the times in the reform of its foreign trade management system, combining independent participation with active participation in international exchanges, merging the late mover advantages with big power advantages, and integrating moderate market protection with continuous expansion and opening up. In terms of theory, China has enriched the theory of foreign trade development by summarizing theoretical experience in the aspects of international circulation and market diversification, import substitution and export orientation, “big economy and trade”strategy and comprehensive balance, and the combination of “bringing in”and “going out” strategies. The development of China’s foreign trade and the growth of the world economy are mutually beneficial and win win. The main driving forces for the transformation from high speed development to high quality development of China’s foreign trade lie in promoting the reform and opening up unswervingly, accelerating the transition of foreign trade structure and development mode, and improving the international value chain, supply chain and industry chain systems.