交通基础设施的供给侧结构性改革

提升交通基础设施有效供给既是交通运输供给侧结构性改革的首要任务，也是“一带一路”倡议的重要议题，以往学术界对交通基础设施有效供给提升的研究却相对滞后。为了助力供给侧结构性改革在交通基础设施领域顺利实施，采用文献调查与比较研究的分析方法，在总结中国其他领域供给侧结构性改革相应研究成果的基础上，遵循“产业背景—供给侧问题—结构性原因—改革对策”的逻辑思路，以收费公路这一特定交通基础设施产业为例，从企业、产业与区域3个层面指出产业供给侧问题的结构性原因，并提出提升收费公路产业有效供给的改革对策。研究认为，运营效率低下是收费公路产业供给侧问题的集中体现，导致该问题的主要原因分别是企业层面的运营模式结构失衡、行业层面的公路收费制度僵化以及区域层面的属地管理模式；借助PPP模式加快收费公路产业市场化进程，以公路项目微观效益为标准分类实施公路收费政策，在硬化预算约束的基础上进行中央与地方事权改革，统筹收费公路管理成为未来行业走出运营效率低下困局的必由之路。

Structural reform of supply side for transport infrastructure

Enhancing the effective supply of transport infrastructure is not only the primary task of the supply side structural reform of transportation, but also an important issue under the “Belt and Road Initiative”. However, previous research on the improvement of effective supply for transport infrastructure is relatively out of date. In order to facilitate the smooth implementation of supply side structural reform in the field of transport infrastructure, this paper adopts the analysis method of literature investigation and comparative study.On the basis of summarizing the relevant research results of supply side structural reform in other fields of China, and follows the logical thought of “industry background” “supply side problems” “structural reasons reform solutions”. It takes the toll road industry as a specific example, and points out the structural problems on the industry supply side from three aspects such as enterprise, industry and region, and puts forward the solutions to achieve the effective supply of the toll road industry. The study found that the low operating efficiency is the demonstration of the supply side problem of the toll road industry, and the main reasons leading to this problem are the unbalanced operating structure at the enterprise level, the rigid highway toll system at the industry level and the territorial management at the regional level. Therefore, using PPP model to speed up the marketization of the toll road industry, taking the micro benefit of highway project as the standard to classify implementation of highway charging policy; and carrying out the reform of central and local authorities on the basis of tightened budget to coordinate the administration of toll roads would be the only way for the industry to break off the low operation efficiency mode in the future.