中国上古文物中人与动物的关系--评张光直教授"动物伙伴"之泛萨满理论

张光直教授对中国考古人类学贡献甚大,但他的泛萨满理论给历史、考古、民族和文化学工作者留下了充分思考和商榷的余地。中国上古文物往往借助猛兽或猛兽化、神秘化的动物形象来威慑敌害、邪恶、被统治阶级或文化他者;搬用萨满巫凭借“另我”或“动物助手”以升天通神的理论,解释不了饕餮吃人等意旨明确的图像;良渚文化“神人兽面”丝毫没有神人骑兽的暗示,而只有“獠牙女阴”的兼体造型;王亥双手持鸟,并不为了登天,决不能把“方食其头”删掉;濮阳西水坡“龙虎葬”,根本不存在龙、虎、鹿三(足乔):《抱朴子》的“鹿卢(足乔)”,讲的是带轱辘的橇车,“鹿(足齐)”是硬伤性的文化误读。

Reflections on Human-animal Relation in the Relic from Ancient China

Although Professor Zhang Guangzhi has great contributions to the development of archaeological anthropology, his Pan-Samanism theory, which based on hypotheses and misreading, has left enough space for experts on history, archaeology, ethnography and cultural studies to consider. There are many cultural mistakes in the theory that must be revised.