论我国保护性转向发展性的流浪儿童救助模式

深入分析近20年我国流浪儿童救助实践发展脉络,发现我国流浪儿童救助的主导模式为保护性救助,即将流浪儿童视为需要保护的特殊弱者或视为引起社会问题的风险因素,对他们采取封闭式的保护或强制性的管控,这种模式并不能有效促进流浪儿童个性发展与社会回归。该文在比较分析"问题视角"与"优势视角"的核心要素后,将优势视角的核心理论——抗逆力理论引入流浪儿童研究中,试图在该理论视域下构建新型发展性流浪儿童救助模式,并提出基本构建策略与路径。

On Street Children Relief from Protection-Oriented Mode to Development-Oriented Mode in China

A thorough analysis of the street children relief work in recent 20 years in China shows that the street children relief mode in China has been protection-oriented. Street children were regarded as a vulnerable group to be protected or a risk group prone to induce social problems, and therefore given enclosed protection or compulsory administration and control. Such protection-oriented mode could not promote the personality development and social return of street children. This paper first compares and analyzes the core elements from two theoretical perspectives of social work： “problem perspective”and“strength perspective”, and then applies the resilience theory, the core of “strength perspective”, to form a new development-oriented mode of street children relief as well as the basic strategy and approaches.