试论日本国有铁路的经营形态

在日本国有铁路存在的115年间，先后经历了狭轨与广轨的轨制问题之争、“建主改从”与“改主建从”的投资问题之争、战后运费法定主义的是非之争以及综合交通体系中的铁路定位之争等，而其中的关于国有民有的经营形态问题之争，是贯穿于日本国有铁路史上最大的政策性问题。本文拟就这一政策性问题展开探讨，以揭示其变化的内在联系。

On the Operation Form of the Japanese State-Owned Railway

During 115 years since the Japanese state-owned railway came into being, the Japanese government has argued over such problems as whether narrow-gauge or broad-gauge railway is adopted, investment problem concerning whether building is dominated or transformation is dominated, whether the post-war freight is reasonable, and how to position the railway in the comprehensive communication system, of which the problem concerning state-owned or people's operation form has been the biggest policy problem through the history of the Japanese state-owned railway. This paper discusses the problem so as to reveal its inherent relation of change.