庄子思想中的无神与守神

在先秦祭祀文化与理性文化跌宕起伏的大潮中，诸子百家以不同的姿态面对神灵。老子和庄子以其强大的主体智慧标举形上之道，以其非凡的自信掌握世界，超越神灵。尤其是庄子，一方面摒弃了异己之神，另一方面又以纯白灵明的境界追求呼吁内心之神，从而历史性地建构了人类的精神家园，并对后世文论与美学产生了极为深刻的影响。

Atheism and Spirit in the Thoughts of Zhuangzi

A In the torrent of the sacrifice culture and the rational culture occurring during the Pre-Qin period, the various schools of thought held different perspectives towards gods. Laozi and Zhuangzi, however, asserted the metaphysical Dao to manage the world and take the place of gods. Zhuangzi, particularly, abandoned the gods outside on one hand, but on the other hand pursued and called for the spirit in human race. Thus, he historically established the spiritual world in human beings, and exerted remarkably profound influence on the later literature criticism and aesthetics.