论朝鲜战争决策中美国高层的政见分歧与权力斗争

本文在民主共和两党、文武官员集团和总统与战区司令三个层面上,讨论和分析了朝鲜战争决策中美国高层的政见分歧与权力斗争.通过对问题的研究,一方面揭示出美国政治体制和行政运作模式的基本特征及其与美国外交政策推行和全球战略确立之间的互动关系,另一方面也揭示出在美国外交决策中高级文官对武将的权力制衡能力.文章特别提出以杜鲁门总统最终下令解除麦克阿瑟战区司令职务和控制朝鲜战争发展态势为核心点,进一步从党政体制的角度阐明美国宪法所确立的“军人必须接受文职政府领导”原则的不可撼动性.

The Political Differences and Power Struggle of American Senior Officials on the Policies About the Korean War

This paper mainly discusses and analyzes the political differences and the power struggle of American senior officials on the policies regarding the Korean War： Democrats vs. Republicans, civil servants vs. military officials, as well as President Truman vs. Commander Mac Arthur. In the paper, the author points out interactive relationships between basic characteristics of the American political system and the executive models of the American foreign policies and the global strategy, as well as the checking and balancing capability of civil servants to military officials on American foreign policies. In particular, the author further exposes the constitutional rule of ＂military officials must obey the civil government＂ in case of President Truman removing Commander Mac Arthur form office and controlling the scale of the Korean War.