经济与文学之关系

章培恒认为,文学的形态和发展都与经济具有密切的关系。经济对文学的推动作用是多方面的,这主要表现在,通过对人性的影响而影响文学的内容,通过推动人的生活方式及需求的演化而影响文学的发展。胡明找到了从经济生活的角度研究中国传统文学的四条途径:(一)体现在文学作品与作家头脑里的经济意识与经济理念;(二)传统文学作品中描写的经济生活与社会形态;(三)经济生活对中国传统文学生存发展的促进与制约;(四)文学史人物微观具体的经济活动与其文学活动的关系。陈大康通过对《瀛寰琐纪》的产生、出版延误乃至最终停刊的现象及背后原因进行个案分析后认为,报刊文学既是精神产品又是商品,其发展既遵循文学发展的规律又受到商品交换法则的制约,两种约束形成融为一体的舍力,规定着文学的生存形态。董乃斌指出,唐代获得文体独立的小说,萌芽雏形阶段的说唱、戏剧和市民文艺,包括寺庙中发达的演说经变和俗讲,以及一度极为兴盛的敦煌文学,都和其时的经济状况有着深刻的联系。许建平认为,文学具有双重属性,既有精神的属性又有经济的属性,因此,中国古代文学的研究不应局限于精神属性与层面的研究,而应扩大为物质一经济属性与层面的研究。这样,文学的研究才能还其本原,文学研究被遗失的部分才能复原。

A Study on Economical Life and Chinese Traditional Literature (Symposium)

Zhang Peiheng holds that both morphology and development of literature are all closely related with economy. The impetus of economy to literature is in multiple dimensions. This is chiefly shown in the influence of content by influencing human nature, and the influence of the development of literature by promoting humans' life style and the evolution of needs. Hu Ming has found four approaches to study Chinese traditional literature from the perspective of economical life, i. e. , (1) economical sense and idea in literature and author's mind; (2) economical life and social pattern described in traditional literature; (3) the promotion and restriction of economical life to the existence and development of Chinese traditional literature; and (4) the relationship between the micro and concrete activities of the figures in literary history and their literary activities. After the case study on the phenomena and the reasons of the coming into being, the delay of publication and the final closing down of the journal ying huan suo ji (Chronicles of the World), Chen Dakang points out that news papers and journals are both product of mind and commodity. Their development is either to abide by the law of literary development, or restricted by the law of commodity exchange. These restrictions have merged into a joint-force that decides the morphology of literary existence. Dong naibin points out that, all deeply related with the then economical status quo are the stories of Tang Dynasty that achieved their independent stylistics, the earlier forms of talk-and-singing show, drama and citizen's literary arts, including the fully developed interpretation of Buddhist classical stories in the temples, as well as once thriving dun huang literature. Xu Jianping believes that, literature has its double attribution, both of mind and of economy. Therefore, the study of ancient Chinese literature must not be restricted in its attribution and stratum of mind, but be enlarged into a study on its material and e-conomical attribution and stratum. In this way, the study of literature can return to its origin, and the lost part in the process of literary study could resume.