中国农战史专题的形成与发展——在领袖、政权及史学家的三重作用下

农战史专题是现代中国历史学中最为特殊的一项专题。它与研究和著述中外农民战争史的一般农战史有明显的不同,其目的主要是贯彻和阐释毛泽东的农民战争理论。1939年,毛泽东提出系统的农民战争理论。但是在其后的较长一段时期内,中国马克思主义史学并没有产生在毛泽东理论指导下的农战史研究。直到20世纪50年代初,在新政权的干预下,农战史专题才正式形成。此后,在领袖、政权和史家三重因素作用下,农战史专题盛极一时,成为中国的显学。80年代以后,随着改革开放和史学家主体意识的提高,对农战史专题的反思及对传统农民战争理论的批评与日俱增,中国历史学逐渐摆脱了领袖言论的束缚,最终得出史学家自己的自觉和清醒的认识。

The Formation and Development of Chinese Peasant War History Studies: Under the Influence of Political Leader, Regime and Historians

Chinese Peasant War History Studies are the most exceptional research topic in modern Chinese history.Their main purpose is the annotation and interpretation Mao Zedong's theory on peasant war,so they distinguish from other works a bout general peasant war history studies at home and abroad.In 1939,Mao put forward his systemic theory on peasant war,but no peasant war history studies were appeared accordingly in the Marxists in a rather long history.Such studies were not formed until 1950s under the intervening of the new regime.They were so prevalent that they became a famous research field under the influence of political leader,regime and historians afterward.In 1980s, with the reform and open policy and the a wakening of the historians,more and more historians reflected on Chinese Peasant War History Studies and criticized the tradi tional peasant war theory.Chinese historians broke the mold of following political leader's opinion and gained their own self-consciousness and proper conclusion eventually.