楚竹书《孔子诗论》关于"邦风"的二条释文

《孔子诗论》对《国风》的总体评价 ,一方面注重《国风》观风俗知民情以及多识于“鸟兽草木之名”的认识价值 ;另一方面 ,也注重其抒发情感、泄导人情的美学价值。“邦风其纳物也” ,是从知识性角度 ,评价《国风》的内容丰富。“大敛材”一语 ,就是“多识于鸟兽草木之名”的另一种说法 !“《诗》其犹平门” ,亦与“人而不为《周南》、《召南》 ,其犹正墙面而立”之比喻修辞方式相同。就文意与字形而论 ,“戋民”句中“从谷从兔”之字 ,当隶定为“舒”字。所谓“诗其犹平门 ,与贱民而舒之” ,是从《国风》的抒情性着眼的。《国风》是匹夫匹妇发泄情感 ,挥斥幽愤的抒情之作 ;因而能够有效地发挥泄导人情、缓释幽愤的社会作用。当然 ,在孔子的观念中 ,这种抒发情感、泄导人情的美学价值 ,是从属于疏导民情、化解社会矛盾的政治功能的。

Explaining Two Words about Folksongs in Chu Bamboo Slips

In bamboo slips, Confucius deemed the folksongs to be two functions,one was the understanding function, was the aesthetic function. The word folksongs contains many things means people can recognize a lot of objects of nature and a lot of affairs of social from the folksongs. The word poetry is just like a gate through which ordinary people can pass easily means the folksongs in The Book of Song were written by ordinary people and voiced their feelings, so the ordinary people will be moved in reading these poems. Confucius remarked that the ordinary people would tend to release their upset feeling in reading instead of in illegal acts.