中国环境法的形成及其体系化建构

历经40年的大量环境立法,促成了我国环境法律制度体系框架的生成。然而,当前部门利益主导的分散式环境立法,造成环境资源保护立法碎片化。为探究环境法体系化路径,借助实证分析和比较考察的方法,根据环境法规范的属性特征和环境法的生成演进历程,明确污染控制法、自然资源法和循环再利用法为环境法领域的主要范围。在此基础上,反思我国环境法立法体系的样态,检视与评价我国环境立法体系的实然构成,以找寻我国环境立法体系化进程中的结构性难题。参考域外环境立法模式与体系化趋势,为我国环境立法体系化的方向提供指引,认为环境法的体系化是一项阶段性的立法工程。具体而言,近期先以现行的污染控制法、自然资源法、循环再利用法为基础,理顺和完善相关环境法律规范;中期环境立法规划是制定环境法总则,最大限度地统合相关环境法律规范;最后以环境法的法典化作为终极环境立法目标,遵从社会的实际需要,循序渐进地完善环境法体系,以解决当前环境立法的重叠、冲突等不协调问题。

The formation of Chinese environmental legislations and its systematic construction

The framework of Chinese environmental legal system has been basically formed in the past 40 years. However, the decentralized environmental legislation dominated by departmental interests leads to the fragmentation of environmental resources protection legislation.To explore the way of systematization of environmental law, The author determined pollution control law, natural resources law and recycling law to be the main content of the environmental legislations based on the attributes and characteristics of environmental laws and regulations and emergence and evolution of environmental laws. On this basis, the author reviewed the pattern of environmental legislation system of China and examined and evaluated practical constitution of environmental legislation system of China, in order to identify the structural difficulties in the course of systematization of the environmental legislation system of China. By referring to the legislation modes and systematization trends of environmental laws in overseas countries, the author put forward that systematization of environmental laws is a periodical legislation work,which provides guidance for the direction of the systematization of environmental legislation in China. Specifically speaking, in order to solve the current environmental legislation overlapping, conflict and other uncoordinated problems, in the near future, we shall base on the current pollution control law, natural resources law and recycling law to straighten out and improve relevant environmental laws and regulations; next, we shall formulate general principles for environmental laws in planning for medium-term environmental laws and integrate relevant environmental laws and regulations to the largest extent; the ultimate goal of environmental legislation is to form environmental acts and it is expected to gradually improve environmental legislation system in line with actual needs of the society.