地理集聚、城市规模与雾霾污染——基于中国城市数据的实证研究

文章基于城市经济理论提出地理集聚、城市规模与雾霾污染之间的关系假说。随后以地表PM2.5浓度反映雾霾污染程度，同时利用中国工业企业数据库分别从产出、就业和资本这三大层面测度各城市制造业地理集聚水平，并运用城市面板数据实证检验和分析了地理集聚和城市规模对雾霾污染的动态影响。研究发现：地理集聚对雾霾浓度的影响呈现显著的先扬后抑的倒U型特征，但目前中国大部分城市尚处于雾霾污染随着地理集聚的提高而加剧的阶段。同时，城市规模的扩张有助于缓解制造业集聚对雾霾污染产生的加剧作用。此外，地理集聚与城市规模对雾霾污染的影响在不同地区和不同规模的城市中表现出明显的差异。

The impact of geographical agglomeration and urban size on haze pollution: An empirical study based the data of Chinese cities

This paper firstly puts forward the relationship hypothesis between the geographical agglomeration, urban scale and haze pollution based on urban economic theory. Then, the surface concentration of PM2.5 is employed to measure the haze pollution, and China industry business performance data is used to calculate the manufacturing geographical agglomeration from the perspectives which including output, employment and capital. The dynamic impacts from geographical agglomeration and urban scale on haze pollution are investigated by a variety of regression estimations. The results show that the influence from geographical agglomeration on PM2.5 concentration shows significant characteristics of inverted U-shaped relationship. However, most cities of China are still at the stage that the haze pollution gets more serious with the increase of geographical agglomeration. Meanwhile, larger urban scale is helpful to reduce the negative impact from geographical agglomeration on haze pollution. Additionally, there exist significant differences in different regions in terms of the impacts from geographical agglomeration and urban scale on haze pollution.