美国侵权法中“受害人同意的形式”述评——兼对我国相关规则设计之建言

受害人同意是被告针对原告提起的故意侵权之诉而主张的抗辩事由。在美国侵权法中,有效的受害人同意可以表现为很多形式,包括明示的同意、未传达的同意、表面上的同意以及默示的同意。对于这些形式的充分理解和把握对于设计我国侵权法中的相关规则颇有裨益。建议我国的侵权法草案在采纳明示同意的基础上,借鉴美国侵权法中的有关规则,增加推定形式的同意和默示形式的同意。

A Commentary on "the Varieties of Consent" in Torts of America——A Proposal for Regulation Design in China

Consent is a defense that a defendant may raise to the plaintiff's claim that an intentional tort has been committed.There are various forms of consent in torts of America,including affirmative consent,uncommunicated consent,apparent consent as well as implied consent.The understanding of those rules concerning consent is of great significance for establishing the relative rules of law in china.It is suggested that,as a result of the study of the tort law of America,the apparent consent and the implied consent should be added into the draft of torts of China on the basis of adopting the affirmative consent.