家庭背景对人们教育和社会阶层地位获得的影响

对2008年全国性社会调查数据的分析显示，以父母亲为表征的家庭背景不仅严重影响了人们的教育获得，而且还影响了人们初次就业职业的阶层地位和现就业职业的阶层地位。这预示着父母亲的受教育水平和阶层地位越高，子女的受教育水平和阶层地位也会越高；父母亲的受教育水平和阶层地位越低，子女的受教育水平和阶层地位也会越低。由此可见，1999年之后高等教育的扩张，给社会上层带来的收益远远大于社会下层的收益，使中国社会增加了封闭性特征而非开放性特征。这会在一定程度上影响中国社会的公平性，应该引起政策制定者的强烈关注。

Influence of family background on people's education and social status

The data analysis of 2008 nationwide social survey shows that family background featured by parents severely affects not only people＇s education, but also their social status with the first and present employment. Parental education level and social status are in direct proportion to children＇ s. Therefore, the expansion of higher ed- ucation after 1999 bring more benefits to the upper social class than to the lower social class, resulting in the increased closed features rather than open ones in Chinese society. This, to a certain extent, undermines social fairness of Chinese society, and should be the great concern of policy makers.