通向城市的阶梯--20世纪后期一个苏北村庄的教育志

燕鸣坊是苏北的一个村庄,这里的现代教育事业从新中国成立后才开始。该村教育事业在20世纪下半叶的曲折发展过程,折射出中国当代农村教育史的一般面貌。在国家现代化的宏观背景下,学校设施于50年代初在教育资源贫乏的当地扎下了根,从而扩大了农民子弟受教育的机会。但是,80年代以后学费的暴涨又使之成为当地农民的重负。乡村教育的普及并没有明显地成为该村发展的动力。相反,在以城市为中心的社会格局的影响下,它的最突出的功能只能在于使村庄倾力培养的人才通过“高考”离开乡村,进而成为作为社会上升标志的城市社会中的一员。

A Ladder to the City:History of the Late 20th Century Education in a Northern Jiangsu Village

Yanmingfang, a village in northern Jiangsu, never witnessed any modern education until the founding of the Peoples Republic of China. The vicissitudes of its education undertaking in the late 20th century serve as a mirror of the history of Chinese rural education. In the global context of national modernizations, schooling institution has been established at Yanmingfang, a place with scant educational resources, so that the offsprings of the villagers' were able to enjoy education. From 1980s, however, tuition has skyrocketed, which turns out an intolerable burden to the villagers. Consequently, the popularization of rural education does not provide any visible impetus to the development of the village. Instead, the only effect of this education practice, in a city-centered social pattern, is no but to help those, much aided and expected by the villagers to be the local knowledgeable personnel, leave the rural area by means of succeeding in national examinations and climb to be members of urban society, a token of upward social mobility.