章程股权转让限制的比例原则审查

我国《公司法》对有限公司章程进行股权转让限制做出了授权性规定，但是却没有明确其合法性范围，实践中存在大股东利用资本多数决原则修改章程，侵害股权自由转让权利的现象。实务界对于限制措施的合法性分析存在滥用人合性、分类不合理等问题，理论界虽然提出了多种学说，但是却仍存在正当性不足、分类标准模糊和可操作性差等问题。比例原则审查由其四个子原则构成，具有较强的逻辑性和可操作性，能够充分保证限制措施与人合性保护目的之间的均衡。适用比例原则进行审查符合该原则的本质特征，具有可行性。比例原则能够从手段与目的关联性、限制强势主体滥用权利的角度，对其合法性展开审查。

The Review of Principle of Proportionality on Share Transfer Restrictions of Charters

The Company Law of China empowers constitutions of limited-liability companies to make stock transfer restrictions but does not specify the limit of legality. In practice, there are many situations where strong stockholders make use of the majority rule to amend constitutions of companies, damaging the right of transferring stocks freely. The judicial review of restrictive measures in judicial practice has some problems, such as the abuse of harmony among shareholders, unreasonable classification and so on. Although many theories have been put forward, there are still several challenges, such as the inadequate legitimacy, the ambiguous classification criteria and the poor operability. The principle of proportionality is composed of four sub-principles, which make it logical and operable, and fully guarantee the balance between restrictive measures and the purpose of protection of harmony among shareholders. It is feasible to apply the principle of proportionality to examine the restrictive measures, because it accords with essential characteristics of the principle. The principle of proportionality can examine the legitimacy of relevant subjects from the perspective of the relevance between means and purposes and the limitation of abuse of rights by powerful subjects.