运河水柜——南四湖与北五湖的历史与变迁

运河水柜是保证运河畅通的关键环节。运河沿岸的重要水柜北五湖与南四湖的形成历史与变迁过程大致为：北五湖是古大野泽、梁山泊的遗迹，为黄河改道淤塞古湖泊而形成，于元朝伴随着运河漕运兴起疏浚而成为水柜，清末因运河废弛、佃民开垦而消亡；南四湖乃是地质沉陷加上黄河洪水壅塞扩张、合并而形成，在宋朝被作为水柜以济运，明清时期在围湖造田与黄河洪水侵袭中不断地变迁。南四湖与北五湖的变迁对运河航运产生深远影响，尤其是北五湖的消失直接限制了京杭大运河会通河段的复航。南四湖与北五湖的历史与变迁研究对未来运河的全线通航规划具有积极意义。

Tank of Canal -- the History and Evolution of NanSi Lake and Northern Five Lake

The Water tank of the Canal is the key to ensure it＇s flowing.From the view of the history and changes, the article surveies the history and changes which are significant on the riparian about Northern five lakes and Southern four lakes. Northern five lakes that is ancient wild marsh. Liang Shanpo relics,is formed by changing the Yellow River flowing to silt the ancient lakes, and it became a water tank along with the rise of the Chanal flowing the Yuan Dynasty, but because of the Chanal lie waste and the crowd reclamation,it is disappearmance in the late Qing Dynasty.Southern four lakes is formed by the geological subsidence. expansion and combinnation of the Yellow River＇s flood.It transports as the water tank in the Song Dynasty, and it changed constantly because of the reclaiming land from a lake and invading of the Yellow River＇s flood. The changes of them have a profound impact on Chanal＇s transportation,especially the disappearmance of the Northern five lakes are limit to the transportation of Huitong chanal in Beijing Hangzhou the Grande Canal. The researchment of their history and changes is a positive significance for all the navigation in the future.