丹尼尔·笛福的保险互助思想述评

文章旨在介绍丹尼尔·笛福以保险互助为代表的社会福利思想。为预防贫困,化解生活风险,笛福建议在海员、妇女等特殊群体以及普通劳动者中推行互助会和年金局计划。他对互助会和年金局的概念、原理、运作机制及功能等进行了详尽说明。文章认为笛福的保险互助思想具有问题预见性、理念先进性与计划可行性三大特点,但也存在保险性质不明、缺乏稳定性、理想化色彩浓厚等缺点。结合工业革命前夕的社会特点,文章认为这种以追求人类福祉为己任的保险互助思想值得肯定。

A Review of Daniel Defoe’s Thought of Insurance Mutual Benefit

This article aims to introduce Daniel Defoe’s social welfare thought typified by insurance mutual benefit.In order to prevent the poverty and defuse the risk of life,Daniel Defoe suggested establishing the programs of mutual benefit association and pension bureau among such special groups as sailors and women,as well as ordinary laborers.He elaborated the concept,principles,operating mechanism and functions of the association and the bureau.The present paper believes that Defoe’s social welfare thought has three features: the accurate forecast of the social issues,the advanced nature of the ideas and the feasibility of the plans.However,there are shortcomings in his thought.For example,the nature of his insurance is unknown,the plan lacks stability,and his thought has a strong sense of idealism.The author believes that,in view of the social characteristics on the eve of the industrial revolution,such insurance thought aiming at helping each other is worthy of affirmation for its taking the human’s well-being as a duty.