我国粮食储备的合理规模、布局与宏观调控

新中国成立以来，我国粮食储备体系经历了自由购销、统购统销、流通体制转轨、流通体制市场化四个阶段。明确国家粮食储备的目标和功能，是测算合理的粮食储备规模的前提和基础。粮食储备作为粮食安全保障机制的重要组成部分，在粮食供求矛盾的变化情况下，储备政策构建的焦点不仅需要关注储备规模的优化。还需要对粮食储备在中央一地方、产区一销区以及品种结构间的合理布局和配置进行深入探析。现阶段必须构建有效的政策框架，确保企业、农户合理的储备水平，避免出现社会储备主体储备不足导致的市场短缺，以及“反向操作”对国家调控政策效果的扰乱等问题。

The Reasonable Size,the Layout and Macroscopical Adjusting Control of Our Country Grain Reserve

Since the founding of new China,the development of grain reserves system has gone through four stages,including the free sales and purchases,state monopoly for purchases and marketing,circulation system reform,and marketization of circulation system.It is the precondition and basis of setting up reasonable scale of grain reserve to definite the goal and function of national grain reserve.It is a very important part of safeguard mechanism of national grain safety.On the context of grain demand and supply changing,the focus of reserve policy should not only on the optimization of reserve scale,but also on the reasonable layout and distribution on grain varieties in central and local areas,and in growing areas and sales areas.Currently,we have to construct effective policy framework to ensure right reserve scale,to prevent market short for reserve deficiency,and the disorder of national macro-control policy.