内部性与政府规制的交易成本分析

在交易过程中当有限理性和机会主义与交易环境因素相互作用时,市场失灵就可能发生,由此引发内部性问题。与外部性不同的是,内部性产生于交易内部的参与各方而不涉及外部第三方。交易成本既是内部性产生的直接原因也是消解内部性的关键考量因素,其高低程度决定了市场、法律和政府规制这三种解决途径的适用范围。现实中,市场和法律途径的不完善为政府规制提供了广阔的空间,然而,规制行为本身也具有交易成本。因此,在处理内部性问题时,如何降低双重交易成本且不损害效率是政府规制的基本逻辑所在。

A Transaction Cost Analysis of the Internality and Government Regulation

When the bounded rationality and opportunism interact with transactional environment, the market failure will happen, which results in the internality. Unlike externality corresponding to the external third parties, internality derives from all parties involved in a transaction. Transaction cost constitutes the direct cause and the key consideration of internality, which determines the application scope of three kinds of solutions （market, law and government regulation）. In reality, the imperfection of market and legal solutions provides a broad space for the government regulation. However, the behavior of regulations has the transaction cost, which means how to reduce the double transaction cost without harming the efficiency is the basic logic of government regulations in dealing with internality.