环境治理公众参与的主体困境与制度回应

2015年9月1日正式生效的《环境保护公众参与办法》对环境治理参与面进行了最高位阶的特别法设计,回应了学界对于环境治理理论研究的制度需求.经过理顺环境治理的形成逻辑,可以发现“参与”是“治理”区别于“统治”与“管理”的关键所在,其优势在于可以为弥补环境决策者构制失位提供有效矫正方案.通过对参与者的人格重塑,公民、市民与消费者在环境治理中的身份得以明确,它们分而为国家、社会和市场的主体,合而为环境治理者中的重要组成,也就是“公众”.现实所面临的合法性困境也由此而生,主要表现为决策者失位、参与者身份虚化等.为此,从决策、执行、监督环节分别予以完善才是现实困境的破解之道.

The main dilemma of public participation and the system response

The way of public participation in environmental protection is a special law design for the participation of environmental governance, which responds to the institutional demand of the study on environmental governance.After straightening out the formation of logic, it can be found that "participation" is the key that "governance" is different from the "rule" and "management", its advantage is that it can provide effective correction program. Through remodeling of personality to the participant, citizens and consumers in the environmental governance of identity are to be clear, which separated can become the main body of the state, society and market, which put together can become environmental governance. The reality is that the problem lies in the loss of the decision makers, such as the weakening of the identity of the participants. To this end, improving the decision-making, implementation, supervision, is the correct way to solve the problem.