中国制造业创新技术进步要素偏向及其影响因素研究

现有研究对创新技术进步要素偏向关注甚少。本文基于超越对数生产函数的随机前沿分析方法测算了中国制造业部门创新技术进步的要素偏向指数，进而通过系统广义矩估计方法考察了创新要素结构、科研人员工资扭曲等因素对创新技术进步资本偏向的影响效果，我们发现：创新资本的产出弹性远远大于科研人员的产出弹性，制造业创新技术进步整体偏向于资本，且具有明显的路径依赖特征；创新投入要素结构的资本化程度、政府资助行为削弱了创新技术进步的资本偏向；科研人员工资扭曲、企业自有资金对创新活动的支持强化了资本偏向。优化创新方向、提高科研人员工资待遇对国家创新战略的实施至关重要。

A Research on the Elements Deviation of the Manufacturing Innovation Technology Progress and its Influence in China

The existing researches pay little attention to the elements deviation of innovation technical progress. In this paper, it estimates the elements deviation index of innovation technical progress in China’s manufacturing sectors basing on the stochastic frontier analysis with translog production function, and investigates the effect of innovation factor structure, wage distortion of researchers and other factors on capital biased innovation technology progress through the System GMM method. It finds that the output elasticity of innovation capital is much more larger than that of researchers, and the innovation technology progress of manufacturing sectors is biased to capital with obvious path dependence; the capitalization of the innovation elements structure and the government funding behavior weaken the capital biased degree of innovation technological progress; the wage distortion of researchers as well as enterprises’ own financial support to innovation strengthen the capital biased degree. Optimizing the direction of innovation and improving the wages of researchers are essential to the implementation of national innovation strategy.