基于资源环境约束视角的中国农业绿色生产率测算及其影响因素解析

传统农业生产率测算方法忽视资源和环境约束,有可能对农业经济增长的绩效产生误判,从而导致政策误导。为此,将资源环境因素引入传统的农业生产率分析框架,采用非径向、非角度的SBM方向性距离函数方法对中国30个省份1998—2011年的农业绿色生产率水平进行测算,并且运用Tobit回归模型对影响农业绿色生产率的因素进行实证研究,结果表明:中国农业绿色生产率水平总体偏低,资源消耗和环境污染已经对中国的农业发展造成了较大的效率损失;不同区域农业绿色生产率差异较大,东部地区农业绿色生产率较高,中部和西部地区农业绿色生产率普遍较低;农村经济发展水平的提高以及农业基础设施投资力度的加大会有效提升农业绿色生产率水平,而农业结构中养殖业比重的上升、城乡收入差距的扩大、工业化程度的提高以及财政支农政策的实施,对农业绿色生产率水平有显著的负面影响。

Agricultural Green Technical Efficiency Evaluation and Its Determinants in China

Traditional agricultural technical efficiency measurement ignoring resource and environmental factors is a biased evaluation and is unable to reflect the real grow th performance of agriculture .Applying SBM directional distance function approach w hich is non-radical and non-oriented , this paper measures the agricultural green technical efficiency of China＇s 30 provinces from 1998 to 2011 incorporating water resource and agricultural non-point source pollution and analyzes the determinants of agricultural green technical efficiency .The major conclusions are as follows ：The overall agricultural green technical efficiency is low , this implies water resource consumption and agricultural non-point source pollution has already caused great loss to the agricultural economic grow th ;Eastern China has higher agricultural green technical efficiency ,while Central and Western China have lower agricultural green technical efficiency ;T he improvement of agriculture economic development level and the enhancement of agricultural infrastructure investment will promote agricultural green technical efficiency ,but the risen of breeding industry proportion , the widen of income gap between rural and urban and the financial supporting policy will lower agricultural green technical efficiency .