水上社会的道德与秩序——太湖大船渔民民间宗教的历史人类学研究

江南地区的宗教复兴 (或创新) 和多样性的研究令人瞩目,而处于江南水上社会的渔民民间信仰同样值得关注.通过人类学的田野工作和历史文献的梳理发现,传统时代里太湖渔民的民间宗教信仰集庙宇和神灵为中心的信仰空间、共同的祭祀、娱乐活动等于一体.这种传承不仅能够把人们凝聚在一起,造就强有力的社区凝聚力,使人们获得归宿感,而且还从道德和秩序的层面规范人们的日常生活;与此同时,人们从中又能够利用超自然的因素来解释和启迪自身.

A Historical Anthropological Study of Popular Religion of Fishermen in Tai Lake

The daily world and the moral order of the fishermen on the water society in the south of the Yangtze River are worthy of attention. This paper examines the popular religion and public life of the fishermen of Tai Lake in the traditional society through the fieldwork of anthropology and the combing of historical documents. From the local space in which the fishermen construct their faith,it examines the Holy Spirit and the circle of worship in their cosmic world and analyzes the fishermen's sharing with gods and carnival religious festivals to understand their moral sense and order consciousness. It discusses the transition and adjustment process of popular religion embedded in the fishermen's routine production and life based on the relationship among local space,ecology and political order. The fishermen could rely on the supernatural factors to explain and enlighten themselves,which is probably their only spiritual support to survival.