田野中的乡村与乡村田野工作的新挑战

从中国乡村的基本单位、乡村的开放度、乡村内部整合度三个方面入手,揭示中国乡村研究不断深化的进程;与此同时,以社区为中心的传统的乡村田野工作从确立之后日益发展壮大,成为影响深远的主要方法范式.然而,当下中国乡村流动性与离散的时代特征,给传统田野工作带来了全新挑战;有鉴于此,以向外流动的多点、向内收缩的多点、水平的多点、垂直的多点为内容的四维一体的乡村多点田野工作,或可成为富有成效的应对方法与路径.

Village in the Field and the Challenge of Rural Fieldwork in China

The process of understanding Chinese village in academic circle is presented and illustrated from three aspects: the basic unit, the degree of openness, and the cultural integration and consistency of Chinese rural society. Meanwhile, community-centered rural fieldwork has been increasingly developed and expanded since it emerged in the first half of twentieth century, and became one of the most influential methodical paradigms. Nowadays,the time characteristic of fluidity and separation in the village brings brand-new challenges to the traditional rural fieldwork. In order to respond to the challenges, rural multi-sited fieldwork including outwards multiply sites, inwards multiply sites, horizontal multiply sites, and vertical multiply sites,which form four-dimensional integration,could be a new productive method or approach of rural field work of China.