尔苏语言文字与尔苏人的族群认同

尔苏人虽然使用同一种语言,却存在两种族群认同表现。其中部分尔苏人认同国家把他们划入藏族,另一部分人认为尔苏人与藏族的差异较大,要求被承认为一个单一民族。从语言文字的角度来看,这两种认同表现除了用尔苏语与藏语的特征之外,还用尔苏人的沙巴图画文字和藏文经书来强调和支持各自的观点。语言文字作为一个族群的重要文化内容,在尔苏人当中直接影响了族群认同的抉择。本文从人类学族群理论建构论的角度对这种族群认同分歧现象进行了分析。

Ersu Writing System and Ersu Ethnic Identity

Although Ersu people use a single language,there arose two ethnic identities among them since the beginning of the eighties of the 20~(th) century.Some of them recognize themselves as Tibetan while others believed there existed differences between them and the Tibetan people and asked for being recognized as a distinct minzu(ethnic group).There are a number of factors that arise the dispute including political and economical ones.Besides,the writing system used by the Ersu people played an essential role in the dispute.The Tibetan cannons used by the religious practitioners of the Ersu people Shuvuer strengthened the Ersu people's identification with Tibetan,while the Shaaba hieroglyph used by another type of religious practitioners Shaaba of the Ersu people stressed the uniqueness of the Ersu culture.Focusing on the use of the two writing systems of the Ersu people,this paper offers an analysis on this kind of ethnic dispute from the perspective of reconstructionist of ethnic theory in anthropology.