市场规制理论研究述评

市场规制理论演进中的三个阶段理论,包括公共利益理论、俘虏理论和新兴市场规制理论。公共利益理论认为市场规制的起因是市场机制本身存在一定的失灵,需要政府进入纠正,因而政府的规制具有经济上的合理性。俘虏理论则认为市场规制的起因是政府被产业利益和厂商利益所俘虏,指出受市场规制产业并不比无市场规制产业具有更高的效率和更低的价格。新兴市场规制理论包括寻租理论、可竞争性市场理论和新制度经济学规制理论等,从制度、市场结构和交易契约方面研究了市场规制的特性和提高规制效率的制度途径。最后对市场规制理论作了总结性的评论。

A Review on Market Regulation Theories

Based on the explanation of the concept of market regulation, the paper explicates the three stages in the development of market regulation theories, including the public value theory, the capture theory and the new market regulation theories. First, the public value theory claims that market regulation results from the improper functioning of market mechanism and the necessity of governmental regulation. Therefore, the governmental regulation has economic reasons. Second, the capture theory argues that market regulation is caused by the capture of government by profits of industries and enterprises, pointing out the industries regulated by government do not have higher efficiency and lower price than the industries without government regulation. The new market regulation theories mainly include the rent- seeking theory, the contestable market theory and the regulation theory of new institutional economics. They discuss the characteristics of market regulation and the institutional means of enhancing the regulation efficiency in the aspects of the institution, market structure and transaction contract. The paper finally makes conclusive comments on market regulation theories.