国际海底区域基因资源生物采探中的生态安全问题

国际海底区域生态系统复杂独特、生境多样,蕴藏着巨大的基因资源。基因资源生物采探与矿产开发过程同一,可能会对国际海底区域生物多样性产生负面影响。在生物采探过程中适用环境影响评价及环境风险评估,可以有效降低生物采探对生物多样性危害的风险。而国家管辖范围外海洋保护区的建立,体现出各国深海利益的博弈。国际海底区域生态安全机制的设定,要兼顾利益平衡,在积极保护脆弱生境的同时,避免生态安全标准成为发展中国家实际参与国际海底区域生物采探的绿色壁垒。

On Ecological Security during the Bio-prospection of Marine Genetic Resources in the International Seabed Area

The ecosystem of the International Seabed Area （the Area）is distinctive of its complexity,unique-ness,diversity,and abundance of genetic resources.The bio-prospection of MGRs in the Area undertaken for commercial purposes,which accompanies mineral exploration and exploitation,may cause potential negative im-pacts on local bio-diversity.This article explores how the mechanisms of environmental impact assessment and environment risk assessment could reduce the risk of biodiversity in the Area during the process of bioprospect-ing.Furthermore,the establishment of marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction demonstrates the grand bargain of different countries on maritime interests.The environmental security mechanism in the Area should care about the equitable access to and sharing of benefits from bioprospecting of developing states and developed states,ensuring that the bioprospecting is conducted in a sustainable way rather than being used to obstruct the participation of developing states in exploration and use of the rich MGRs in the Area.