中国农村土地制度中的公平与效率

基于中国农村土地所特有的社会保障功能,现行农村土地制度是按照“公平优先,兼顾效率”原则设计的,该公平中含有不利于生产力发展的要素,在某些方面严重损害了效率,并且该公平是十分有限和狭隘的,从宏观而言并不公平。为促进中国农村经济的发展,应依“效率优先,兼顾公平”的原则重新塑造中国农村土地制度。“效率优先”就是坚持生产力发展优先,就是坚持市场经济体制。”兼顾公平”中的公平包括起点公平、过程公平和结局公平。

Fairness and efficiency of rural land regulations

Rural land in China plays the function of providing social security. China's rural land regulations were established taking this function into consideration, which was peculiar to China only. The main principle of rural land regulations was "fairness first and efficiency second". This principle had some negative defects on productivity development, revealing a number of limits and unfairness of the land system. In order to accelerate the development of rural economics, rural land regulations should be modified according to the principle of "efficiency first and fairness second", which means an emphasis on productivity development and conformity to market economical system.