达则兼济天下穷则独善其身--论苏轼的自由人格

苏轼做到了"兼济天下"与"独善其身"的完全统一,为中国文人构建了一种可仕可隐、无适而不可的新型人格模式--"自由人格"从而形成了对传统文化人格的超越,成为一位更加纯粹、达观、睿智的诗人.

The Formation of the Intellectual Groups and Their Social Attributes

s: During the period of the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States, the intellectual groups formed, a unified autocratic monarchy power was founded. As a result, intellectuals who stand for the development of multi-culture of the Warring States conflicted with the autocratic politics. Burning books and burying Confucian scholars alive in Qin Dynasty and revering nothing but Confucianism in Western Han are the example of the conflict. The Empire Wudi of the Western Han took a series of actions in order to bring the intellectual groups under the control of his autocracy. And the social attributes of intellectual groups had been basically formed at that time. There are four aspects of characteristics in their social manifestations: First, creating and broadcasting the culture. Second, pursuing their independent individual characters. Third, laying stress on moral training. Fourth, expecting to serve the society. These characteristics made the basic differences between the intellectual groups and other classes, stratum and social groups.