传播学视野中的网络生态研究

网络生态学是以人为关注焦点，贯彻整体观、互动观、平衡观、循环观和资源观的指导原则，将网络作为人的生存环境来展开研究的一门交叉学科。它由信息因子、主体因子和环境因子构成，三者相互影响，呈现开放与内敛的发展态势，并具有开放性、系统性、动态性和可控性等特征。但信息污染、资源失衡、行为失范、文化危机等网络失衡问题影响着网络生态的发展，这是网络主体因子和环境因子异变的结果。因此，维护网络信息多样化，优化网络生态的结构与功能，保障系统能量与物质的均衡流动，加强网络生态的自我调节和净化能力就显得尤为必要；而且在治理过程中还要倡导网络伦理、完善网络法规和加速技术研发，以实现网络生态的平衡和可持续发展。

The Study of Network Biology in Communication Field

Taking the wholeness, interaction, balance, circulation and resource as guidelines, network biology is an interdisciplinary subject which studies the network as an environment in which human being live. It consists of information factor, main factor and environmental factor and the influence of interaction of the three developing openly and restrainedly; it is open, systematic, dynamic and controllable. However, information pollution, resource imbalance, misconduct, and cultural crisis and other ecological imbalance problems affect the network development, resulting from the alteration of main factors and environmental factors. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the diversity of network information, optimize the structure and function of ecological network, ensure the balance of system energy and material flow, strengthen the network of ecological self-regulation and purification capacity. Meanwhile, in the governance we should advocate network ethics, improve network regulations and accelerate technology research and development to ensure the balanced and sustainable development of network biology.