“古史辨”派、“二重证据法”及其相关问题——裘锡圭先生访谈录

裘锡圭先生在古文字、古文献、上古史等领域均有很高的成就,为学界所公认。2007年3月,应文史哲编辑部之约,裘先生接受了本刊特约记者的采访。在访谈中,裘先生回顾了自己的学习和研究的历程,就"古史辨"派、上古史、出土文献研究及"二重证据法"、"五帝时代"等问题畅谈了自己的看法。他认为,"古史辨"派在对上古史认识的大方向上是正确的,在古书辨伪方面则有许多地方需要纠正;我们今天对于疑古思想和学说应持继承与批判相结合的态度。20世纪70年代以后虽然涌现了大批出土文献,但就出土文献研究而言,传世典籍以及历代学者对传世典籍的研究仍然是基础。目前中国古典学,包括出土文献研究领域存在的问题主要不在缺乏理论或方法,而在研究者往往缺乏科学的态度。必须大力提倡一切以学术为依归的、实事求是的研究态度,提倡学术道德、学术良心。

The "Ku-shih-pien" School, "Method of Dual Evidence" and correlated problems:an interview with Mr. Qiu Xigui

Mr. Qiu Xigui is generally acknowledged throughout the academia as an accomplished scholar in the fields of ancient philology, ancient documents and early history of China. In March 2007, he accepted the interview of the special correspondent of the Journal of Literature, History and Philosophy. During the interview, Mr. Qiu looked back upon the course of his studies and research, and talked freely on the problems of the "Ku-shih-pien" School, early Chinese history, the studies of excavated documents, "the Method of Dual Evidence", "Times of the Five Lords", etc. From his viewpoint, the "Ku-shih-pien" School is correct in the general orientation on the knowledge of the early history, but needs much redress in textual criticism, therefore nowadays, we should assimilate its historical skepticism with discrimination. Since the 1970s, there has emerged a large amount of excavated books and records, yet to the studies of the excavated documents, the handed-down ancient Classics and the studies of the Classics done by scholars through the ages are still the foundation. The main problem with the current Chinese classical studies, including the studies of excavated documents, does not lie in the lack of theory or method, but in the lack of scientific attitude on the part of the researchers. We must advocate academic morality and conscience, as well as a realistic and matter-of-the-fact attitude that holds everything for the purpose of the academics itself.