论道家思想与谋略之关系

道家思想对谋略研究有重要启示意义,道家著作尤其是《老子》中有一些论述可视为与谋略有关,比如"欲先民,必以身后之"、"善用人者为之下"、"将欲歙之,必固张之;将欲弱之,必固强之;将欲废之,必固兴之;将欲夺之,必固与之"等。但《老子》以及其他道家著作并不等同于谋略书。道家一般都对"知"、"智"等持否定立场,也不提倡使用人谋,这是因为通过使用谋略即便会有所得,仍然会有所失,甚至有阴祸。从道家思想基本立场出发,对谋略应持的态度是懂谋略而慎用谋略。

On the Relationship between Taoism and Tactics

The Taoism is of important enlightenment for the study of tactics.There are some statements in the Taoist works,including "Lao Tzu",which are relevant to tactics,such as "If desiring to be the superior of the people,one must place himself below them";"One who is skillful in using others puts himself below them";"In order to contract,it is necessary first to expand;in order to weaken it,it is necessary first to strengthen it;in order to destroy,it is necessary first to let it prosper;in order to receive,it is necessary first to give".However,"Lao Tzu" and other Taoist works do not belong to the works on tactics.Generally Taoists take an oppositional position to "knowledge","wisdom",and etc.and they do not advocate the use of tactics,because they believe that by doing so one will consequently suffer loss after being benefited,and will even have potentially evil fate.From the basic stand of Taoism,the proper attitude towards tactics is to understand but using them with caution.