转喻喻体优先选择原则研究

转喻的研究经历了从传统的修辞学阶段到现代的认知语言学阶段。传统观认为,转喻属于修辞学研究的范畴,喻体与本体之间的关系是一种替代关系,即“X代表Y”,而认知语言学的转喻观认为,喻体和本体之间的关系表现为“X加Y”,即喻体内涵大于本体。然而,当人们从认知的角度审视世界的时候,就会对喻体的选择产生困惑和疑问:为什么人们会选择该物体的一部分作为喻体,而不选择另一部分呢?文章就这一问题———转喻喻体的优先选择原则问题———进行了探讨,这一原则主要表现为认知、交际和动机冲突三个方面。通过对转喻喻体的优先选择原则的研究,可以揭示人类认识世界、感知世界的认知机制,并加深对语言现象及其规律的理解和认识。

Research on Principles Governing the Selection of the Preferred Vehicle in Metonymy

The research on metonymy has developed from rhetoric to cognitive period. According to the perspective of rhetoric, the relationship between vehicle and target is "X stands for Y", yet the relationship of them develops into "X plus Y" from the aspect of cognitive linguistics. When people perceive the world, they come across a puzzling problem: why do people select this part but not that part as vehicle to represent the whole or the other part of the thing or event? This article will do some researches on this problem-the principles governing the selection of the preferred vehicle, which mainly subsume cognitive principles, communicative principles and principles of conflicting motivations. By study, we can reveal the people's cognitive mechanism and have a better understanding of language and its rules.