从《红楼梦》的俗语翻译看汉英亲属称谓语的文化制约

中西方历史的渊源与传统文化的差异,孕育了汉英两种语言在亲属称谓语上的民族特色与语言特征,在其数量多寡、指称明确度上打上了深深的烙印。在《红楼梦》及其两个英译本中,其汉英亲属称谓语,表现出四个方面的区别:1.明亲疏,内外有别与亲疏不明,内外无别; 2.讲辈分,长幼有序与论英雄,人人平等; 3.重性别,男女分明:英汉民族不同的表现领域; 4.汉民族独特的“非亲属的亲属”关系———准血缘带来的血亲称谓泛化。

CULTURAL CONSTRAINTS ON ENGLISH AND CHINESE KINTERMS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IDIOM TRANSLATION IN"HONGLOUMENG"

The origins of Chinese and Western histories and the differences of their traditional cultures result in the national characteristics and linguistic features of both English and Chinese in kinterms, which has deeply influenced the number and the definiteness of the kinterms. With the translation of kinterms taken from the two English versions of "Hongloumeng", this paper attempts to make a comparison and an investigation of the kinterms in two languages in the following four aspects. 1. Sharp distinction between inside and outside of the family vs. no differentiation between them; 2. Minding of the family hierarchy vs. admiration of heroes with the view that everyone is equal in the family; 3. Emphasis of both cultures on the sex discrimination with different expressions; 4. Chinese peculiar kinship: un-blood kinship.