“悲观归纳”与科学实在论的辩护问题

科学实在论试图通过溯因推理方法保留认识论的乐观主义,将科学在现实社会中取得的成功作为理论具有真理性的最佳理由,这就是的著名的非奇迹论证。劳丹、普特南等人则针对这种最佳解释推理模式,提出了悲观归纳论题,他们借助历史主义的案例分析方法,揭示了实在论非奇迹辩护推理模式存在的问题:科学理论的成功(包括预测和解释的成功)与其真理性并无因果必然联系,其论证不符合科学史事实。悲观归纳问题提出以后,局部实在论逐渐发展成为科学实在论新的主要辩护策略,它初步解答了劳丹等人的质疑。但从总体来看,科学实在论还是面临着一系列理论难题,需要从理论上进一步回应悲观归纳问题的挑战。

The Pessimistic Induction and the Development of Modern Scientific Realism

No miracles argument is Scientific Realism s important argument,it maintains that the only satisfactory explanation for the success of our scientific theories is that they are true(or approximately true),Realism 'is the only philosophy that doesn't make the success of science a miracle'.but the anti-realism,for example,L.Laudan and Doppelt suggest hat the historical record destroys the realist's belief between truthlikeness and genuine empirical success.Many realists introduce a narrower version of scientif...