城市社区长期照料体系的现状与问题——以上海为例

随着人口老龄化的发展,老年长期护理需求日益增强。而在现代化过程中,家庭护理功能日趋削弱,传统的老年长期护理面临严峻挑战。根据中国的社会经济发展条件,居家养老为基础的社区服务是具有普遍意义的社会化养老模式。本研究以上海为例,从服务的提供、人力资源、资金运作、照料质量等方面系统分析了城市社区长期照料服务体系的现状与特征。文章最后提出,应该通过加强人力资源的培训、完善质量监控机制、扩展日托所功能、提高政府对社会服务事业的投资、建立税务激励机制等途径推动社区长期护理社会化服务事业的进一步发展。

Community-based Long-term Care in Urban Setting

As the aging population increases,the demand for long-term care has also increased.During the process of modernization,the traditional pattern of long-term care is facing serious challenges due to the weakening of the family support system.Development of community-based long-term care should be one of the most important components of a long-term care system in China.Using Shanghai as an example,this paper provides a comprehensive overview of current community-based long-term care in urban China.Relevant policy implications are presented in the paper,which include training long-term care workforce,implementing quality management mechanisms,expanding functions for adult day care centers,increasing government investment in social services,and establishing tax incentive plans.