新工科专业核心课程教学方法改革研究—从实践到理论

为解决工科学生对专业课程学习兴趣不大的问题，以某普通高校的材料类专业教学过程为例，本研究立足于激发学生的求知欲和好奇心，不同于传统教学顺序先从教材讲解晶体和原子模型然后再进行相图的学习，而是由老师直接带学生在实验室开始二元合金的冷却曲线试验。通过动手实践，学生能够掌握如何制作金相样品并进行冷却。在他们学习理论之前，实践经历先让学生学会观察二元合金相变过程中的转化现象、数据测量、验证和收集。通过这种教学方法，学生提前懂得了理论学习对促进科学研究活动的重要性，而不是预先灌输给他们固化的知识。因此，当求知欲作为课堂上的激励能量介入时，认知过程可以被高度激活。

Study on teaching methods reform of core courses in emerging engineering majors-from practice to theory

To resolve the teaching problems in Materials Engineering major, with students from the local university with low interest in learning and studying, this research is based on stimulating students'' curiosity. Unlike the traditional sequence of teaching materials in which crystalline and atomic models are studied from the literature to later arrive at a phase diagram; this experience begins directly in the laboratory with students doing cooling curves for the two alloys. After this, students make metallographic samples with the cooling obtained. This experience results in a research activity by which students observe a phenomenon, measure values, verify changes and transform two metals in a number of phases before they study the theory. In this way, students understand the theoretical explanation as a necessary element to further delve into the scientific activity as opposed to pre-established knowledge that is imposed on them. Cognitive processes seem to be highly activated when curiosity intervenes as motivational energy in the classroom.