普陀山寺庙园林兴建考

普陀山位于浙江省舟山市普陀县东部莲花洋中，始兴于唐，因观音信仰而为众人所知。历经多个朝代的兴建，融自然和人文于一体，成为有“海天佛国”之称的名山风景区。期间又受到“海上丝绸之路”和“海禁”的影响，是我国历朝对海洋态度的一种缩影。采用文献查阅和实地调查相结合的研究方法，将普陀山的兴建划分为4个时期：神话传说时期、“海上丝绸之路”时期、“海禁”时期和清末民初时期，旨在还原普陀山发展历史的真实面貌。在考证普陀山各时期兴建沿革的基础上，对山岛的造景活动进行分析，揭示普陀山的风景园林在充分借用“海”和“山”景的基础上，更强调佛教的“彼岸”思想。

The Textual Research on the Development and Construction of Temple Garden in Mount Putuo

Mount Putuo is located in the coastal area, east of Putuo County, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, its thriving started in Tang Dynasty, and it is well-known because of Guanyin belief. After the successive construction during several dynasties, this mountain with the harmonious integration of natural and cultural landscapes has become one of the famous scenic spots, called as “Land of Buddha on Sky and Sea”. Heavily influenced by“Sea Silk Road” and“Maritime Embargo”, it is actually the epitome of attitude towards the sea in the past dynasties. Combining literature review with field investigation, the development of temple garden in Mount Putuo is divided into 4 periods: Myths and Legends, “Sea Silk Road”, “Maritime Embargo”, and late Qing Dynasty, aiming at restoring the actual developmental history of Mount Putuo. Based on the textual research on its construction and evolution in each period, analyzing the landscaping of mount and island reveals that the design art of landscape and garden in Mount Putuo is not only making the best use of surrounding “Sea” and “Mountain”, but also emphasizing the ideology of “the other shore” of Buddhism.