行政裁量基准制度在林业行政处罚中的实践与完善

行政裁量基准是行政机关自我约束的内部规则，能够有效控制行政裁量权的滥用。将行政裁量基准制度引入林业行政处罚，有助于统一林业行政处罚的裁量尺度，提高林业行政执法水平。近年来制定林业行政处罚裁量基准的地方实践，为我国林业行政裁量基准制度建设积累了丰富的经验。同时，也由于制定主体过多、设定标准随意等原因，导致各地裁量基准在涵盖范围、类型划分、违法事实格次、处罚幅度标准、基本原则表述等方面均存在较大差异。应当明确区分裁量基准适用规则和具体裁量基准的制定主体，由国务院林业主管部门统一制定全国的林业行政裁量基准适用规则，在全国范围内统一设定标准，然后由各省级林业主管部门据此制定具体的地方裁量基准，以完善我国的林业行政裁量基准制度。

Practice and Improvement of Administrative Discretion Standard in Forestry Administrative Punishment

Administrative discretion standard is internal self-restraint rules in an administrative organization, which is expected for effectively controlling the abuse of administrative power. Introduction of the administrative discretion standard system into forestry administrative punishment will be conducive to unify the discretion scale and improve the level of forestry administrative punishment. In recent years, the rich experience for the construction of forestry administrative discretion standard system has been accumulated from the local practice of formulating the discretion standard of forestry administrative punishment. Meanwhile, there are many differences on scope, type, lattice division, punishment range, and principle in the local standards because of multiple decision-making bodies and arbitrary standard setting. The applicable rules of discretion standard and decision-making bodies of specific discretion standards should be clearly distinguished. Moreover, the applicable rules of forestry administrative discretion standard and an unified standard should be set for whole China by the bureau of forestry administration in State Council, and then the local discretion standards should be modified accordingly by provincial forestry departments, therefore, China’s forestry administrative discretion standard system may be improved.