近自然主义木雕艺术创作观--基于木材构造的自然属性

基于自然主义艺术创作观，结合木雕实践过程凝炼出近自然主义艺术创作的基本观点。从木雕材料构造学视角出发，对不同层次木材构造，尤其对与木雕密切相关的诸如木材三切面、心边材、纹理、花纹等的自然属性与特征等进行了全新的归纳，进一步以代表性木雕作品为实例，阐述了近自然主义艺术创作的路径与思路。总而言之，近自然主义艺术创作的基本观点是崇尚自然，但不照搬自然，遵循自然规律尤其是生物材料学规律，但不拘泥于材料的固定模式，而是将创作“不露刻痕”地融嵌于自然材料之中。近自然主义木雕艺术创作技艺路径是多留少雕、多自然少人工、多层次少纯一、多角度少单向、多色彩少单调，追求所谓“七分天成，三分人工”。近自然主义木雕艺术创作超越了自然主义对物象的单纯描摹，而是“依木言志、与木共鸣”，表达出一种与客观物象相粘合但又超脱的思想情感升华，从而达到了“人木交融、天人合一”的最高意境。

The Art Creation of Wood Carving Based on the Conception of Near Naturalism：Insights from the Natural Property of Wood Structure

The fundamental viewpoints of near naturalism art creation were concisely summarized, based on the viewpoint of naturalism art creation combining with the process of wood carving practice. The various structures of natural wood were newly concluded from the perspective of material tectonics of wood carving, especially on the natural properties and characteristics closely related to wood carving such as wood three sections, heartwood and sapwood, grain, and figure. Further, the path and thought of near naturalism art creation were expounded while taking the representative works of wood carving as examples. In sum:1) The basic viewpoints of near naturalism art creation are respecting nature but not simply coping it, and following the laws of nature especially the laws of biomaterials science but not rigidly confining to material form, so that the art creation is invisibly integrating into nature materials. 2) The paths of near naturalism art creation are keeping more original and natural form, and diversifying the carving techniques and colors, aiming to pursuit more the natural entity than the artificial efforts. 3) The art creation of wood carving based on the near naturalism excels the simple imitation based on the naturalism, by utilizing wood to express the sublimation of thought and emotion that are adhering with objectives but detaching from them, and ultimately trying to attain the best exalted mood of “seamless unity of man, wood and nature”.