从国家“软实力”到国际“软权力”——中国推进软力量建设的方向和路径

"软实力"概念与"软权力"概念有着同出一源或者互为因果的密切关系,但它们并非是等同的,而是有着不同的发展方向、实现路径和目标对象。目前中国的国家"软实力"已有较大提升,然而国际"软权力"并未同步增强。在总体上,中国的"软实力"建设偏于"内省性"发展,缺乏勇于追求国际权力的"外向性"特征。"软权力"的目标指向是对国际权力的追求,关键是采取非强迫性的"吸引"或"说服"的方式。在国际社会现有逻辑和语境下,中国走和平发展的道路无法回避国际权力问题。中国的外交事务不应仅仅对西方立场作出被动回应,而应积极参与国际竞争,打造自己的"价值立场"、"话语系统"和"公共产品"。在新世纪,国际权力的转移给既是大国又是发展中国家的中国谋求国际权力提供了历史机遇,然而仅仅专注于或满足于"文化软实力"诸项指标的提升是不够的,必须拥有充分的"他者"意识、占领时代"文化制高点"的勇气,以及不断提高对外"说服力"的举措等。

From State Soft Strength to International Soft Power——Directions and Approaches of Promoting Chinese Soft Strength Construction

At present,China’s "state soft strength" has been raised,while the "international soft power" has not.In the logic and context of nowadays international society,China cannot avoid the issue of international powers in order to take the road of peaceful development.China’s foreign affairs should not respond passively to the Western position,but to take an active part in international competition,and to forge her own "value position","discourse system" and "public products".In this new century,the international power transfer provides China,a large and developing country,with a historical chance for international power,but various measures must be taken in preserving an consciousness of "otherness",in ascending to a "cultural highland",and in raising an ability of "persuading" in international affairs.