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Algorithms for Computing the Sample Variance: Analysis and Recommendations |
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| Authors: | Tony F Chan Gene H Golub Randall J Leveque |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Computer Science , Yale University , New Haven , CT , 06520 , USA;2. Department of Computer Science , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , 94305 , USA;3. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University , New York , NY , 10012 , USA |
| Abstract: | The problem of computing the variance of a sample of N data points {xi } may be difficult for certain data sets, particularly when N is large and the variance is small. We present a survey of possible algorithms and their round-off error bounds, including some new analysis for computations with shifted data. Experimental results confirm these bounds and illustrate the dangers of some algorithms. Specific recommendations are made as to which algorithm should be used in various contexts. |
| Keywords: | Variance Standard deviation Shifted data Round-off errors Computer algorithms |